Physical violence and verbal abuse against nurses working with risk stratification: characteristics, related factors, and consequences / Violencia física y verbal contra enfermeras de clasificación de riesgo: características, factores relacionados y consecuencias / Violência física e verbal contra enfermeiros da classificação de risco: características, fatores relacionados e consequências

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the characteristics, related factors, and consequences of physical violence and verbal abuse against nurses working with risk stratification. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 80 nurses who work with risk stratification in emergency services. Data were collected using an adapted instrument and analyzed using (uni)bivariate inferential statistics. Results: companions were the main perpetrators of verbal abuse (86.1%); and patients inflicted physical violence (100%). Professionals with up to five years of experience are 74% less likely to suffer physical violence (p=0.029). Women suffer 5.83 times more verbal abuse than men (p=0.026). Sadness (15.8%) and fear of the aggressor (15.3%) were the main consequences of verbal abuse; and fear of the aggressor (22.2%) and stress (22.2%) were results of physical violence. Conclusion: violence is influenced by institutional, professional and client aspects. Therefore, coping with it requires multidimensional strategies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las características, los factores relacionados y las consecuencias de la violencia física y verbal contra las enfermeras que trabajan en la clasificación de riesgos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 80 enfermeras que trabajan en la clasificación de riesgos en los servicios de urgencias. Los datos fueron recolectados usando un instrumento adaptado, y analizados usando estadísticas (uni)bivariadas inferenciales. Resultados: los compañeros fueron los principales autores de la violencia verbal (86,1%) y los pacientes, físicos (100%). Los profesionales con hasta cinco años de experiencia tienen un 74% menos de probabilidades de sufrir violencia física (p=0.029). Las mujeres sufren 5.83 veces más violencia verbal que los hombres (p=0.026). La tristeza (15.8%) y el miedo al agresor (15.3%) fueron las principales consecuencias de la violencia verbal; el miedo al agresor (22.2%) y el estrés (22.2%) fueron los resultados de la violencia física. Conclusión: la violencia está influenciada por aspectos institucionales, profesionales y del cliente. Por lo tanto, enfrentarlo requiere estrategias multidimensionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as características, os fatores relacionados e as consequências da violência física e verbal contra enfermeiros que atuam na classificação de risco. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 80 enfermeiros que atuam na classificação de risco em serviços de emergência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento adaptado, e analisados por estatística inferencial (uni)bivariada. Resultados: os acompanhantes foram os principais perpetradores de violência verbal (86,1%), e os pacientes, de física (100%). Profissionais com até cinco anos de atuação têm 74% menos chances de sofrer violência física (p=0,029). Mulheres sofrerem 5,83 vezes mais violência verbal do que homens (p=0,026). Tristeza (15,8%) e medo do agressor (15,3%) foram as principais consequências da violência verbal; medo do agressor (22,2%) e estresse (22,2%) foram resultado da violência física. Conclusão: a violência sofre influência de aspectos institucionais, profissionais e da clientela. Portanto, seu enfrentamento requer estratégias multidimensionais.

Prevalencia y presencia de factores de riesgo de leptospirosis en una población de riesgo de la Región Metropolitana / Risk factors and frequency of positive antibodies for leptospirosis in a sub urban population near Santiago

Background:Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease and its incidence is known in Chile since 2002, when it was incorporated as a disease that must be reported to health authorities. A serologic survey for leptospirosis was performed in humans and animals from a farm in a semi urban area in Santiago Chile, after the death of a farmer due to Weil disease in that place. Aim: To report the prevalence of antibodies against leptospirosis and to determine exposure to infection risk factors in the humans and domestic animals studied in this survey. Material and methods: Antibodies were detected by IgM immunodot and indirect haemagglutination test in 61 humans (43 male, aged 5 to 70 years) and by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in 44 animals. A questionnaire was applied to determine their exposure to risk factors for infection with Leptospira. Results: Seventy two percent of the studied population were farm workers and 70 percent had activities that required contact with water from canals, 41 percent cleaned closed places where rodents were present. Other risk factors detected were lack of sewage and waste disposal, high level of rodent infestation and disposal of faeces into canals used for watering. Two humans (3.3 percent) and six animals (1 bovine and 5 rodents) had positive antibodies. Among animals, antibodies against Leptospira serovar pomona and icterohaemorragiae were detected. Conclusions: In Chile, leptospirosis exists not only in rural areas but semi urban ones close to Santiago, although the prevalence is low. Education is necessary among semi urban population to avoid infection.